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Alfalfa is a perennial with strong deep reaching roots. It fixes the soil with nitrogen, accumulates iron, magnesium, phosphorous and potassium.
Alfalfa has long taproots which can improve almost all soils, but especially hard clay. Alfalfa roots can actually break up hard clay. In fact, alfalfa roots are so strong that they can actually penetrate rock. Alfalfa is practically pest and disease free. It can also withstand dry conditions and rarely needs watering.